Peconic Estuary Eelgrass Restoration Project I

Field Notes and Observations
Cornelius Pt. Shelter Island, NY

Spring/Summer 2004

May / June 2004 Prior to this date, seed plantings by broadcast seeding and buoy-deployed seeding (BuDS) were attempted in a shallow, rocky area, but germination percentages were low. Methods were switched to TERF systems (Transplanting Eelgrass using Remote Frames) and we moved into deeper water where there was some existing grass, though it was very patchy and eroded. Initial TERF plantings took place on June 24, 2004. A total of 16 TERFS were deployed.

25May2004- Seedling from 2003 broadcast seeding. Few seedlings were observed.

24June2004- TERF frames were deployed amongst existing patches of eelgrass.

24June2004- More TERFs just after deployment.

 

July 2004 TERFs were revisited, and some results proved better than others. It seemed that sediment movement occurred within many of the frames, and numerous spider crabs were present, burrowing under the frames. Red algae was very prevalent at this time, probably drifted in from another location and got caught in/on the TERFs.We also characterized the existing grass by taking density counts and measuring the shoot lengths at several stations. This data will be used to define the restoration protocols for future plantings.
14July2004- One of the TERFs that wasn't smothered by sediment and was taking well to transplanting.
14July2004- Spider crabs were numerous, taking refuge in the TERFs (and also ripping out transplants).
16July2004- Notice the sediment built up in the TERF left hand corner.

 

Fall 2004

October 2004 We experimented with different planting methods including free-planting and seeding. Eight experimental circle test plots were planted at two different densities (200/m² and 400/m²), and with two different treatments; cut blades (to about 6 inches to reduce drag) and uncut blades. A seeding experiment was also conducted using a 0.25m² quadrat which was seeded into with 125 seeds in areas of different bottom type (natural grass, planted grass, and unvegetated bottom). The perimeter as well as the center of the quadrat was then marked with stakes for relocating the exact area of seeding before the quadrat was removed.

29Oct2004- Circle plot just after planting; this is a 400/m² density with uncut blades.

29Oct2004- Circle plot at low density (200/m²) with cut blades.

29Oct 2004- A previous transplant of low density grass which was seeded into.

 

November 2004 We conducted reconnaissance dives to observe last months circle test plots and seeding plots. Visibility was great! Circle plots seemed to be taking well, with the apparent survival and stability going from 400/m² uncut, 400/m² cut, 200/m² uncut, and 200/m² cut in descending order. Observations of seeding experiments indicated that considerable erosion occurred, with some stakes marking seeding areas dislodged or even missing. These observations suggest that no seedlings are likely to occur in unvegetated areas next spring. Due to the high sedimentation and erosion that occurs at this site, seeding doesn't seem to be the best method for planting at this site, at least until significant vegetation is present. We also conducted some rock-anchored plantings in deeper water using rocks collected from the shorefront. The rocks were placed 12-18'' apart into a "grid", and clumps of shoots were placed under the depression beneath each rock.
17October2004- Low density circle plot with cut blades.
17Oct2004- High density circle plot with uncut blades.
17Oct2004- Diver Steve Schott planting clumps of eelgrass with rock-anchors.

 

Spring/Summer 2005

March / April 2005 Recon dives were conducted to observe last fall's plantings. Visibility was poor and brown algae was prevalent on eelgrass. Circle plots were located, with some sedimentation that had occurred on the current-facing edges, but overall the results seemed positive. There didn't appear to be a significant difference between treatments, though more detailed observations are needed. Further recon is needed to locate other test plantings.
7March2005- A circle plot with some sedimentation on the leading edge.
8April2005- Another circle plot, this time with significant sedimentation (notice the stake in the center is almost fully buried).
8April2005- A natural patch with a heavy epiphyte load.

 

June 2005 Further observations of test plantings occurred.

1June2005- A high density (400/m²) uncut plot.
1June2005- The same high density (400/m²) uncut plot close-up.
1June2005- A successful rock anchored planting.

 

Spring/Summer 2006

May 2006 The first recon dive of the season was conducted on May 4, 2006. Visibility was awesome! The circle plots of higher density seemed to be the most successful, with obvious rhizome expansion, though further analysis is needed. Rock anchored plantings from Fall 2004 did not survive.On May 10, we conducted our first planting effort the season as well as did more recon of old plantings. A total of 7 circle plots at 1m² each were planted, at a density of 400 shoots/m². All of the transplants were from Orient Point with the exception of one circle plot, in which we used plants from a nearby meadow off of Shelter Island. Old plantings were observed, and a hoop of the original size of 1m² was used to show the growth and expansion of the rhizomes since November 2004. A total of 6 more circle plots were planted at 400 shoots/m² on May 25. Recon of plantings from May 10 also took place, and those plantings looked great except for one that appeared to have crab damage already.

4May2006- top:A rhizome extended off of a high density circle plot. bottom:The high density (400/m²) cut plot. bottom:
10May2006- top:A m² hoop was placed over our old circle plots (planted Nov. 2004) in order to observe rhizome expansion. bottom:Kim Petersen planting one of the 7 circle plots that day.
25May2006- top: One of 6 circle plots planted on this day. bottom: A circle plot from 10May appeared to have some crab damage on one side.
June 2006 Four more circle plots of 400 shoots/m² were planted along with some test plots of seedlings grown over the winter in our eelgrass greenhouse. Earlier plantings from this year were also observed.
13June2006- Steve Schott planting one of 4 circle plots. 13June2006- Circle plot from May 10, 2006. 13June2006- Circle plot from May 25, 2006.
July and August 2006 Due to the high water temperatures of the summer months, planting is not feasible. High water temperatures are associated with plant stress in eelgrass, so transplants would not be expected to survive during this time. Observations of old plantings were made and any storm activity was noted.

 

Fall/Winter 2006-2007

September 2006 Planting was initiated during late September once water temperatures began dropping below 20C (68°F). During this time, 43 circle plots were planted (totaling 9300 shoots); 12 at a density of 300/, 26 at 200/, and 5 at 100/. Donor plants were largely from Orient Point, though a number came from Long Beach in Orient and a meadow off of Fisher's Island. The plots are in a grid format with multiple parallel transects running off shore at depths of approximately 4-6 feet. Plots are approximately 2 meters apart from eachother on all sides. Since recent storm activity caused some of our stakes that labeled our plots to uproot, we now label each plot with a small, flat, numbered stone to keep track of date planted, who planted it, and plant density.

22Sept2006- top: Preparation of eelgrass shoots in our greenhouse. bottom: Shoots sorted, counted, and ready for transplant.
22Sept2006- top: Preparing for plantings, divers attach shoots to an anchor below water. bottom: Diver Kim Petersen planting a circle plot.
22Sept2006- top: A completed circle plot of 200 shoots/. bottom: A spider crab showing its affection towards the newly planted eelgrass.
October 2006 The month of October was a busy one for us at Cornelius Pt. The total number of plots planted were 52, each with a density of 200 shoots (totaling 10,400 shoots planted this month!).
A. Plot #123 when first planted on September 22, 2006 and B. The same plot (#123) on October 25, about 1 month later. Though some shoots appear to be missing near where the rock lies, overall most of the plants remain.
25Oct2006- This plot (#134) was also planted on September 22, and suffered slightly more damage, likely from crabs. Still though, most of the shoots remain.

November 2006 The month of November continued to be busy for us at Cornelius Point, with a total of 9000 shoots planted. We switched methods slightly: instead of spacing each plot 2 meters apart as we have done so far, we combined three circle plots into "triple plots". 7800 shoots were planted in this manner, and all circle plots were planted at a density of 200 shoots/m². 1200 shoots were planted amongst the boulders at the point using rock anchors to hold down groups of shoots. This method is similar to what we have done at our high-energy sights like St. Thomas Point (Long Island Sound). Rock-anchored plantings have worked well for us in environments with high current/ wave action and rocky substrate. The rocks anchor the shoots long enough for them to take root, even when high wave energy has caused sand or other fine substrate to move in or be washed out. This method was attempted at this sight back in November 2004, but in an area with different substrate and conditions. We are confident this method will be more successful at this new location at the point.

9Nov2006- A view from topside as we work.
6Nov2006- A triple-plot, each circle contains 200 shoots.7800 shoots were planted this way.
9Nov2006- Rock-anchored shoots at the point, just after being planted.
January 2007 Due to the relatively warm temperatures for this time of year, we were able to extend our field schedule into part of January. We did switch from wetsuits to dry suits, and were able to get in a few more plantings and do some reconnaissance work to help sum-up our work for 2006. Four more circle plots were planted totaling 800 shoots, and many photos of previously planted circle plots were taken for purposes for our inventory and for observational analysis later.
4Jan2007- Steve Schott planting 1 of 4 circle plots.
4Jan2007- Circle plot #123 planted in September (See October A. and B.).
4Jan2007- Rock anchored plantings at the point.

Spring/Summer 2007

May/June 2007 Monitoring of last winter's plantings began on 30May07
30May07- 30May07- 30May07-

under construction...

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